Tange had/ has a range of interesting threaded headset designs. I think it comes from the Japanese need for Rinko (quickly removing the fork to pack a bike in a bag on a train).
I expect there is a beefy toothed keyed washer or (rarely) a big preload spring under the locknut to stop the adjustable cone loosening in use, despite limited torque on the locknut. Rinko headsets tend to use a hand-tightened locknut or a single short tool but Westerners (including me) often really tightened down the locknut because of the headset designs we are familiar with.
What happens when you remove the locknut, bracing the fork against turning near the fork crown?