Personally, I would suggest not over stressing about this.
You had done 150km in cold wet conditions, gone into somewhere slightly warm, taken your gloves off and then come back out into the cold. A severe cold response in the context of adrenaline, cold, HR, etc is probably not unusual. Raynaud's is defined as cold induced, episodic, circumferential blanching extending from fingertip proximally with no areas of redness. All those criteria are required for the diagnosis.
In you context I suspect it is a one off and I would not worry.