While browsing for a suitable brake this evening I came across these https://www.probikeshop.fr/etrier-de-frein-box-components-three-v-brake-85-mm/
I get a 404 error for that URL.
I guess it should be
https://www.probikeshop.fr/etrier-de-frein-box-components-three-v-brake-85-mm/152733.htmlUltimately the only way to be sure is to get some and try it out, but I'd be mildly surprised if it worked satisfactorily.
The difference between 650B and 26" rims is 25 mm (584 - 559). With 35 mm of adjustment, that means the 26" wheel has to use the blocks when set within 10 mm of the bottom of the slot (using the Box calipers) in order to give sufficient adjustment for a 650B wheel. That is quite likely, so on the face of it, you've got some brakes.
The problem is likely to be that raising the blocks up the slots kills your mechanical advantage, so the braking power is lost.
On my 26" wheel bike, the brakes are set so that the blocks are ~ 25 mm above the frame studs. Add 25 mm for the difference between 26" & 650B, and you've got 50 mm, so the brakes will have only half the power (25/50).
If your 40 mm for 650B is correct, that implies that the blocks are only ~ 15 mm above the stud, so the ratio is 15/40 = 37% as powerful.
You'll get some back by using drop bar levers (road rather than V), but I'd be surprised if the braking was OK for general use.