Latops usually have WiFi antennas behind their display, which means they are usually fairly effective.
Many laptop models have the WiFi radio on a mini PCIe daugter board.
The antennas connect via small and simple push fit connections.
It is possible that one of the antennas is not connected, resulting in poor WiFi reception?
Also, if the laptops Wi-Fi card is defaulting to 5Ghz, pushing it onto 2.4Ghz might improve things slightly for you. The longer wavelength is a bit better for penetrating walls etc.
Finally, if the WiFi card is a poor performer, because it is on a daughter board, it is fairly easy to swap out.
Finally, if you really want a USB WiFi adapter that you can attach your antenna of choice to, Alfa Networks have a nice range. I've got one with a 10db gain antenna which can see wireless networks further afield than any other device I've got in my home. You can buy additional after market antennas and even craft your own. They are available in the usual online market places.