Two things going on here.
First there's the perceived injustice where cyclists are treated differently by the courts, both as accused and victims. But, unless you can show this particular judge is guilty of that, all you are left with is this case which shows no particular bias.
In fact all it has is common sense. Both are to blame but the cyclist, in the higher hierarchy of transport responsibility, has a duty of care they failed to exercise.
Anyone who commutes in London will immediately jump to the same conclusion about the cyclist, hearing that he has an air horn to deploy in his war against those pesky pedestrians.
To answer the OP question
I wonder if this standard of care applies when I am driving a car and a pedestrian steps out in front of me while looking at their phone?
Well, yes. Unquestionably.
If they step out without allowing reasonable (!!) time to react, then it isn't your fault. If they step out and you carry on driving without braking just sounding your horn, yes, that's your fault. And you know what? I'd truly expect any court verdict to reflect that.
I am glad you didn't ask about cyclist vs motorist interaction, as that court outcome is liable to be less satisfactory, but hey ho. See point 1.