I've just been fixing a similar issue with a customer's bike with that model cable disc - probably not much help . . . but I just sprayed disc brake cleaner liberally in the pad aperture (with the pads out) then "sawed" a rag back and forth in the aperture before refitting the pads.
It does seem that the adjustment on the inner pad (the Allen screw) and the centring on the disc (i.e. he mount bolts) is critical to get the balance of movement/pad return correct. My fix was achieved with a bit of trial and error (road testing with my height and 48cm frame was entertaining
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... and the obvious - I assume the spring that fits round the pads isn't compressed? - you could try prising it slightly wider that may increase the springiness?