Assuming ADSL / VDSL...
If it's affecting all landlines in an area, then the fault is not on any of the individual lines back to the exchange / street cabinet..
Once the line reaches the exchange (or street cabinet), then it basically splits: the Broadband goes to one set of equipment, and the voice calls to another.
So it's perfectly possible for the broadband stuff to remain working where the voice-call gubbinses has fallen over.
(Also, for a single line, ADSL / VDSL can continue to function even in the face of line faults which kill voice calls.)