Thirty degrees is where avalanche risk gets serious when you're skiing off-piste, it feels pretty horrendous, a lot more so than when you see it on paper. I'd like to know how gradients are actually worked out, Do the engineers just measure the steepest section with a protractor and a level, or do they do it trigonometrically based on rise and 'going' as it's called? I'd break it down into shorter sections myself, the worst cases are the inside of hairpin bends, which have a much steeper gradient than the outside. As anyone riding Hardknott or Wrynose Passes on a Bank Holiday weekend, when there is no choice of route up, will testify.