Last time I had something like this, a small (~6mm) rare-earth magnet had been knocked off its usual position beefing up the spoke magnet for the cycle computer, and become attached to the chain. It would occasionally migrate between the side of the chain, the bolts securing the chainring guard and the rear mech cage, with peculiar intermittent clunks interspersed with long periods of normal operation, before I eventually spotted it. Infuriating!
Stiff chain link or a damaged tooth seems like a more likely suspect. I had a damaged tooth on the granny ring of my Dawes that felt uncannily like the chain slipping at the cassette end. Naturally, the problem would only occur under heavy load.