In simple terms, why do more people not use tubeless sealant but in tubes? One of the benefits of using tubeless is touted as better puncture protection. But the bit I don't get is why this is a benefit of tubeless, rather than a benefit of 'having sealant'.
Is there some physical reason why sealant won't seal a tube as well as it will a tyre?
Sealant generally doesn't work so well in tubes because the holes are typically bigger.
Usually, an inflated tube stretches to the size of the tyre.
Then when the tube is punctured, the hole is effectively also stretched by the same amount as the tube. The air leaks out with the sealant having difficulty sealing the hole until enough air has leaked out that the hole shrinks enough to seal. Then, when you pump the soft tyre up again, it's quite likely that you'll open up the hole and get extra leakage.
The answer is to use a mildly oversized tube, so that it's not stretched when the tyre is fully inflated - eg a 700x32-47 tube in a 700x28 tyre.
If you want pre-filled Slime tubes, you may have to pick the tyre to suit the available tubes.
Oversize tubes work fairly well on thorns, even without sealant, with the edge of the hole being a tight enough fit on the thorn to make a fairly reasonable seal.