I had a total knee replacement early in 2015. I was on an exercise bike within days, I did my first gentle ride in the second week. I didn't do my regular ride across France that year, but I did take the bike with me on holiday. In 2016 I did my regular ride across France - Channel to the Med - with no problems. Since then I have been riding normally and, just recently, I have begun to use the rowing machine again - taking it easy at first, but now I'm only just a little off the pace I had before the op.
I'm 63 now, and have been an active touring cyclist my whole life, so I had a pretty solid base level of fitness to work from. I put in a *lot* of work during my rehab, pushed myself very hard and I have managed to retain a good proportion off my flexibility in the leg. However, despite all of my best efforts, the 'good' leg still has more muscle mass (in the vastus medialis to be precise), but this could be because it gets worked more to compensate for the other, for example when standing and walking.
I've done any number of long days in the saddle since the op - though, to be honest, I don't think I've done more than about 80 or 85 miles in one day. I'm thinking I might like to do a 200k ride next year, just to see how it goes. I'm a little slower than I was - just a little, and I was never fast anyway - but that is probably due to me taking more time to enjoy my surroundings as much as anything. I haven't had to shorten my cranks, but I have adjusted my position so that I sit a little more upright, though this is not because of the knee.
The main advice I was given that I was only ever to consider running if my life depended on it, so I don't run. A lot of walking leaves the knee feeling uncomfortable, but I walk none the less - it's difficult to avoid.
Advice? Do as much as you can as soon as you can - physio, exercise bike, whatever. My understanding is that once your flexibility is gone it's gone.
Good luck!