We've had good results on Specialized Armadillos with the tandem and that would be my tyre of choice. We're currently running conti ultra gators, but that's because it's what the bike came with rather than out of preference. Generally We've found that we can get away with a lot more on the front, so maybe change that for something faster first and see how you get on...
As for the increase in speed thing, I think it does make a difference. We ran a marathon plus on the back following numerous punctures on a previous audax (with gators). It created so much extra rolling resistance that we had moved to Armadillo again by the following ride.
AC