Marine shore hookups are notoriously difficult because of the earth bonding issues. Electricity and water famously don’t play nicely together and if you add in galvanic erroision issues you’ve got major problem areas that need to be addressed. The complexity and thus expense of these issues is probably why they are avoided where at all possible.
No, this really isn't a major problem. It is a solved problem.
Many people live aboard boats with this problem solved. You just use an appropriate isolating transformer. For a cruise ship, it is going to be a large transformer, but it is still a solved problem.
The cruise ship/port simply doesn't want to pay the cost of the system.
Think of it like this; when the ship is running on ship power, the ship's generators are the power source, you 'earth' to the ship's hull and the 'neutral' return path is to the generators.
With an isolating transformer, the shorepower is supplied to the ship's distribution board system in the same way, it is the same return to the distribution board. Earth is the same. There is no earth connection between ship and shore.