As I understand it, jam sets when the sugar content is high enough (and is minimally caramelised) in a suitably low pH (that's why lemon juice) and setting is assisted by pectin.
Apples, Certo and jam sugar contain lots of pectin.
Strawberries have very little, plums have a bit more, etc.
I think there's more pectin in fruit that's less ripe but I'm not sure.
104C is a bit low as a boiling point for jam to set and indicates a high water/low sugar concentration.