Yet Another Cycling Forum

General Category => The Knowledge => OT Knowledge => Topic started by: Russell on 18 April, 2024, 04:36:17 pm

Title: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: Russell on 18 April, 2024, 04:36:17 pm
I've always understood that water board regulations said that hot water and cold from the rising main should not mix before they exit the tap.  Hence we have mixer taps that have two coaxial chambers in the spout.

However, I have just removed the hot cartridge, dripping don't ya know, and was surprised that when I turned on the cold tap it squirted out of the hot tap cartridge housing. There is no separation and this is a tap that is not very old.

What's going on?
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: matthew on 18 April, 2024, 04:44:51 pm
Depending on where you are the water boards bylaws were replaced with the "The Water Supply (Water Fittings) Regulations 1999" in England and Wales.

See here https://www.waterregsuk.co.uk/information/water-fittings-regul/ (https://www.waterregsuk.co.uk/information/water-fittings-regul/) for the guidance.
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: mrcharly-YHT on 18 April, 2024, 04:59:01 pm
I *suspect* that if the cold supply has a none return valve, then it is fine to mix in the tap.
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: Kim on 18 April, 2024, 05:51:48 pm
Or if the hot water is potable, as per a combi boiler.
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: Russell on 18 April, 2024, 06:36:30 pm
Well, neither a non return valve is fitted nor is the hot supplied by a combi boiler.

The tap description reads " this kitchen tap is suitable for all water systems and pressures for smooth, quiet function and high flow rates, and is WRAS approved."
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: Russell on 18 April, 2024, 06:46:24 pm
From the WRAS website for approvals for this manufacturer for a similar tap:

Installation Requirements:

IRN R010

Water supplies shall be at reasonably balanced pressures from a common source (e.g. hot and cold supplies both from the same storage or both from a supply pipe).  Where the fitting is supplied from unbalanced supplies (e.g. hot and cold supplies from separate sources) an ‘Approved’ single check valve or some other no less effective backflow prevention device shall be fitted immediately upstream of both hot and cold water inlets
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: mrcharly-YHT on 19 April, 2024, 07:34:15 am
Bad installation then.

Doesn't surprise me. My daughter's first flat in London had sewage come up through the sink waste when upstairs flushed their toilet.
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: matthew on 19 April, 2024, 09:05:56 am
Or if the hot water is potable, as per a combi boiler.

Kim this is not possible, under the water regs, potable water is class 1, water with an aesthetic change e.g. of temperature, is class 2 and requires a back flow prevention device. The classes make their way through to class 5 for containing toxins, carcinogens etc. and the resilience of the device gets more stringent the worse the fluid.

The reason that the combi boiler doesn't need a backflow protection device is because the water is from the source (mains) and therefore at the same pressure and cannot reverse the flow, if the combi boiler was being fed from a header tank in the loft the pressures would be different and the backflow protection device would be required.
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: Russell on 19 April, 2024, 10:16:00 am
Bad installation then.

That may be, but I replaced the separated mixer tap with one I believed to be a like for like replacement.  I wasn't aware that tap design had changed.
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: rafletcher on 19 April, 2024, 10:19:31 am
Bad installation then.


Not if the original tap separated the flow.
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: Cudzoziemiec on 19 April, 2024, 01:29:26 pm
Or if the hot water is potable, as per a combi boiler.

Kim this is not possible, under the water regs, potable water is class 1, water with an aesthetic change e.g. of temperature, is class 2 and requires a back flow prevention device. The classes make their way through to class 5 for containing toxins, carcinogens etc. and the resilience of the device gets more stringent the worse the fluid.

The reason that the combi boiler doesn't need a backflow protection device is because the water is from the source (mains) and therefore at the same pressure and cannot reverse the flow, if the combi boiler was being fed from a header tank in the loft the pressures would be different and the backflow protection device would be required.
Does this mean that hot water is always defined as being non-potable? And if so, a) why? b) doesn't that mean that in practice the majority of cold water from a mixer tap is non-potable (because it's very rare the mixer is all the way over to 100% cold)?
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: Kim on 19 April, 2024, 01:34:44 pm
Presumably yes, for the purposes of whether it's allowed to get into water mains.  Once you heat it up, there's the possibility of legionella or whatever.

Nothing to stop you brushing your teeth with it, of course.
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: matthew on 19 April, 2024, 01:36:56 pm
Cudz, your stretching my knowledge of the regs to the very limit.

I would say that hot water might be potable or 'wholesome' under the terms of the regulations, but because mains tap water shouldn't be tepid as that would potentially be unpaletable there is a requirement to prevent mixing. See here for the fluid categories https://www.waterregsuk.co.uk/guidance/backflow-protection/backflow-protection/backflow-protection/what-is-a-fluid-cate/ (https://www.waterregsuk.co.uk/guidance/backflow-protection/backflow-protection/backflow-protection/what-is-a-fluid-cate/)

With my water treatment hat on the other reason I wouldn't want to mix in hot water is the residual disinfectant (chlorine or chloramines) that are there to suppress any microbiological contamination after treatment that might make the water unsafe. Heating the water will reduce this residual and will therefore mean that the water once cooled could easily become a viable media for biological growth, see legionella's etc.
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: Cudzoziemiec on 19 April, 2024, 01:41:07 pm
Cudz, your stretching my knowledge of the regs to the very limit.
Sorry! And thanks for the answer, including the link.
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: matthew on 19 April, 2024, 01:50:28 pm
Cudz, your stretching my knowledge of the regs to the very limit.
Sorry! And thanks for the answer, including the link.
Nothing wrong with that, I was just caveating the reply rather than seeming too authoritative.
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: Regulator on 19 April, 2024, 01:54:57 pm
Cudz, your stretching my knowledge of the regs to the very limit.
Sorry! And thanks for the answer, including the link.
Nothing wrong with that, I was just caveating the reply rather than seeming too authoritative.


Looking at that Cat5 description, what happens if you have more than one fluid posing a serious health hazard?  Does it go up to 11?
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: Tim Hall on 19 April, 2024, 02:02:10 pm
Cudz, your stretching my knowledge of the regs to the very limit.
Sorry! And thanks for the answer, including the link.
Nothing wrong with that, I was just caveating the reply rather than seeming too authoritative.


Looking at that Cat5 description, what happens if you have more than one fluid posing a serious health hazard?  Does it go up to 11?
For the water that comes out of the Spinal Tap presumably.
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: Kim on 19 April, 2024, 02:03:15 pm
Live in concert at Nokia-upon-Thames...
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: AuldThumper on 20 April, 2024, 12:02:33 am
I don't know that wras regs ever said you cannot mix hot and cold in a tap body - otherwise all telephone handset bath/shower taps would have been non compliant

What they do say is thou shalt not feed dead pigeon gazpacho from thy loft tank into the mains water system if we turn it off

In t'olden days the bath tap was generally fed from the loft cold tank assuring it couldn't back feed but kitchen taps often used mains cold and gravity hot. The easiest approach to guarantee compliance was the two tube non mixing approach

In your case cold coming out of a disassembled mixer tap is no indicator of non compliance. Even if correctly fitted with non return valves in accordance with regs this would still happen. Water will always find the easiest way to release it's pressure so if there's a dirty great hole in the tap body it will come out of there

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Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: Asterix, the former Gaul. on 20 April, 2024, 09:39:35 am
I once had dead pigeon coming out of the bath tap.  Bird Flue?
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: matthew on 20 April, 2024, 08:20:05 pm
I don't know that wras regs ever said you cannot mix hot and cold in a tap body - otherwise all telephone handset bath/shower taps would have been non compliant

What they do say is thou shalt not feed dead pigeon gazpacho from thy loft tank into the mains water system if we turn it off

In t'olden days the bath tap was generally fed from the loft cold tank assuring it couldn't back feed but kitchen taps often used mains cold and gravity hot. The easiest approach to guarantee compliance was the two tube non mixing approach

In your case cold coming out of a disassembled mixer tap is no indicator of non compliance. Even if correctly fitted with non return valves in accordance with regs this would still happen. Water will always find the easiest way to release it's pressure so if there's a dirty great hole in the tap body it will come out of there

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Also if you had an old style open hot water system with a header / expansion tank in the loft then the Hot and Cold were at the same pressure. There would also have been a Type AB air gap at the filler of the header tank. After this the water board aren't worried as backflow to the mains or your kitchen tap simply isn't possible.
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: Feanor on 20 April, 2024, 08:42:34 pm
I don't know that wras regs ever said you cannot mix hot and cold in a tap body - otherwise all telephone handset bath/shower taps would have been non compliant

What they do say is thou shalt not feed dead pigeon gazpacho from thy loft tank into the mains water system if we turn it off

In t'olden days the bath tap was generally fed from the loft cold tank assuring it couldn't back feed but kitchen taps often used mains cold and gravity hot. The easiest approach to guarantee compliance was the two tube non mixing approach

In your case cold coming out of a disassembled mixer tap is no indicator of non compliance. Even if correctly fitted with non return valves in accordance with regs this would still happen. Water will always find the easiest way to release it's pressure so if there's a dirty great hole in the tap body it will come out of there

Sent from my Pixel 5 using Tapatalk



Also if you had an old style open hot water system with a header / expansion tank in the loft then the Hot and Cold were at the same pressure. There would also have been a Type AB air gap at the filler of the header tank. After this the water board aren't worried as backflow to the mains or your kitchen tap simply isn't possible.

Is that right?
The hot and cold are only at the same pressure where the cold is also supplied from the header tank.

But the kitchen Cold tap will always be fed from the incoming main, at mains pressure.
You don't want to be drinking and cooking with dead-Pidgeon-soup.
The Hot tap will be at the lower header-tank pressure.

The potential back-flow situation occurs when the mains water is off, and has no pressure, allowing for the gravity-fed pigeons to back-feed into the public water supply.

Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: matthew on 20 April, 2024, 09:18:44 pm
But a header tank in the roof would have a type backflow protection.

If the kitchen tap was a mixer rather than two separate taps then your concern would be correct and the cold side would require a backflow protection device, either in the feed line or integrated into tap.
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: AuldThumper on 21 April, 2024, 09:51:12 am
Agree with Matthew

That's why the wras listing for the op's similar tap requires non return valves for compliance.

The tap is intrinsically non compliant due to hot and cold mixing internally and hence requires external backflow protection to comply

It's a con really. The wras approval on the box makes the customer think "drop in replacement" which this tap clearly isn't. Nobody is going to read the actual approval document and see the external backflow requirement when Magpie syndrome strikes in the B&Q tap aisle

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Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: Russell on 21 April, 2024, 04:39:33 pm
Agree totally with AuldThumper.

I checked the old tap that was replaced and it did have separate chambers for hot and cold and a coaxial spout.
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: aidan.f on 22 April, 2024, 12:46:25 pm
I once had dead pigeon coming out of the bath tap.  Bird Flue?
One cottage in Wales had so many dead bats in the header tank that I had to back-flush with a peice of hose between cold and hot bath tap. I then cleaned the header with a wet n dry vacuum. Many years ago when I had a younger  persons  immune system. Apparently the children were getting sick - but they did actually drink the bathwater.
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: matthew on 22 April, 2024, 01:04:24 pm
I am aware of one situation where a sampler was sent to a house because there were repeated complaints about the taste of the water. Previous samples from the kitchen tap had been fine. This time the sampler was a little more switched on and asked which taps they were drinking from? They then went into the loft to look for and inspect the header tank. On showing the wife the state of the header tank she apparently packed bags for her and the children and went to a local hotel until her husband had resolved the issue of muck and animals.

Apparently the husband only ever drank water from the kitchen tap, so he hadn't had the taste issues or illness that the rest of the family experienced!
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: Cudzoziemiec on 22 April, 2024, 01:08:27 pm
That reminds me of our physics teacher, who loved to go on about how German regulations were so much more advanced (this was early 80s, so not a Brexit thing) once expanding this into plumbing (not part of the physics syllabus!). He definitely had a rant about header tanks but I can't remember precisely what. I think they might be banned in Germany?
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: Kim on 22 April, 2024, 02:22:49 pm
Water from non-kitchen taps not being drinkable by default seems to have fallen from BRITISH consciousness much faster than the rise of the combi boilers would account for.

Or maybe it never was, and people were drinking pigeon soup all along?  I know my upbringing was unusual, with tales of Legionella and Pseudomonas from a formative age.
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: orienteer on 22 April, 2024, 03:51:05 pm
In my youth drinking from the hot tap was forbidden, on the grounds that metal from the lead piping was more easily dissolved into the water.
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: Cudzoziemiec on 23 April, 2024, 11:06:42 am
I don't remember ever being told either of those. I suppose now something similar would apply to plastic piping. It was all much simpler in India, where all taps were fed from from the roof tank, and mains water could be assumed to need boiling in any case. Simpler isn't always better!
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: Wombat on 24 April, 2024, 11:15:15 am
Cudz, your stretching my knowledge of the regs to the very limit.

I would say that hot water might be potable or 'wholesome' under the terms of the regulations, but because mains tap water shouldn't be tepid as that would potentially be unpaletable there is a requirement to prevent mixing. See here for the fluid categories https://www.waterregsuk.co.uk/guidance/backflow-protection/backflow-protection/backflow-protection/what-is-a-fluid-cate/ (https://www.waterregsuk.co.uk/guidance/backflow-protection/backflow-protection/backflow-protection/what-is-a-fluid-cate/)

With my water treatment hat on the other reason I wouldn't want to mix in hot water is the residual disinfectant (chlorine or chloramines) that are there to suppress any microbiological contamination after treatment that might make the water unsafe. Heating the water will reduce this residual and will therefore mean that the water once cooled could easily become a viable media for biological growth, see legionella's etc.

Er, chlorine?  Don't have any of that stuff in my water... Yes, I know most folk do, but I don't.
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: matthew on 24 April, 2024, 01:59:51 pm
Cudz, your stretching my knowledge of the regs to the very limit.

I would say that hot water might be potable or 'wholesome' under the terms of the regulations, but because mains tap water shouldn't be tepid as that would potentially be unpaletable there is a requirement to prevent mixing. See here for the fluid categories https://www.waterregsuk.co.uk/guidance/backflow-protection/backflow-protection/backflow-protection/what-is-a-fluid-cate/ (https://www.waterregsuk.co.uk/guidance/backflow-protection/backflow-protection/backflow-protection/what-is-a-fluid-cate/)

With my water treatment hat on the other reason I wouldn't want to mix in hot water is the residual disinfectant (chlorine or chloramines) that are there to suppress any microbiological contamination after treatment that might make the water unsafe. Heating the water will reduce this residual and will therefore mean that the water once cooled could easily become a viable media for biological growth, see legionella's etc.

Er, chlorine?  Don't have any of that stuff in my water... Yes, I know most folk do, but I don't.

Based on your timezone you are either on a private supply and reliant on the short time and distance between the UV unit and the tap to prevent recolonisation or you are in one of the areas of the Netherlands that operates a chlorine free distribution system.
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: Auntie Helen on 24 April, 2024, 04:59:28 pm
That reminds me of our physics teacher, who loved to go on about how German regulations were so much more advanced (this was early 80s, so not a Brexit thing) once expanding this into plumbing (not part of the physics syllabus!). He definitely had a rant about header tanks but I can't remember precisely what. I think they might be banned in Germany?
My chap cannot understand why our taps in the UK are so weird (and why we don't have washing machines in the bathroom but in the kitchen, which is another topic).

They always have mixer taps and think two separate taps is bonkers.

I have seen occasional separate taps in Germany and they usually have a "hot" and "cold" text on them, so they are quaint English design ones.
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: Wombat on 24 April, 2024, 06:21:53 pm
Cudz, your stretching my knowledge of the regs to the very limit.

I would say that hot water might be potable or 'wholesome' under the terms of the regulations, but because mains tap water shouldn't be tepid as that would potentially be unpaletable there is a requirement to prevent mixing. See here for the fluid categories https://www.waterregsuk.co.uk/guidance/backflow-protection/backflow-protection/backflow-protection/what-is-a-fluid-cate/ (https://www.waterregsuk.co.uk/guidance/backflow-protection/backflow-protection/backflow-protection/what-is-a-fluid-cate/)

With my water treatment hat on the other reason I wouldn't want to mix in hot water is the residual disinfectant (chlorine or chloramines) that are there to suppress any microbiological contamination after treatment that might make the water unsafe. Heating the water will reduce this residual and will therefore mean that the water once cooled could easily become a viable media for biological growth, see legionella's etc.

Er, chlorine?  Don't have any of that stuff in my water... Yes, I know most folk do, but I don't.

Based on your timezone you are either on a private supply and reliant on the short time and distance between the UV unit and the tap to prevent recolonisation or you are in one of the areas of the Netherlands that operates a chlorine free distribution system.

The former!  Borehole in the garden, and an effing great pump about 40 metres down it.  Brave assumption about the UV unit, though.  Its only had that for the last 7 years, just before we bought it.  Its a 1985 bungalow, and the initial residents are still alive and well after drinking the totally untreated water.  Its in a very rural area of Powys, mid-Wales.  Hopefully all the sheep wee has been filtered out of it by the time it reaches the level of the borehole intake.  Comically the UV unit was installed on the feed up to the tank in the roof space, not the downfeed.   Its lovely water, and we haven't died yet, or I think I'd have noticed.
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: Kim on 24 April, 2024, 11:12:53 pm
That reminds me of our physics teacher, who loved to go on about how German regulations were so much more advanced (this was early 80s, so not a Brexit thing) once expanding this into plumbing (not part of the physics syllabus!). He definitely had a rant about header tanks but I can't remember precisely what. I think they might be banned in Germany?
My chap cannot understand why our taps in the UK are so weird (and why we don't have washing machines in the bathroom but in the kitchen, which is another topic).

They always have mixer taps and think two separate taps is bonkers.

I have seen occasional separate taps in Germany and they usually have a "hot" and "cold" text on them, so they are quaint English design ones.

Somewhere, probably now lost to the bit bucket, there's a video of a Finnish stand-up routine about BRITISH plumbing, and how we'll fit a high-current water heater inside a shower rather than using a Y-shaped pipe.  Which neatly segues into bafflement at our toilet cubicle doors opening inwards, ostensibly so it's easier to hold the door closed when the lock is broken.

(click to show/hide)

To be fair, civilised BRITONS do install mixer taps, but this is often thwarted by landlords and other penny-pinchers who don't have to actually use the tap.
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: Cudzoziemiec on 25 April, 2024, 09:19:13 am
It seems there's no legal requirement in UK to replace lead piping. Presumably introducing such an obligation would cause Daily Mail share price cancer.
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: matthew on 25 April, 2024, 11:37:46 am
It seems there's no legal requirement in UK to replace lead piping. Presumably introducing such an obligation would cause Daily Mail share price cancer.

Lead piping is another issue entirely. The water companies will replace lead pipes as they find them, up to the customers external stop tap as that is their limit of ownership. They have no powers to compel the home owners to replumb their houses, so instead they have to add ~1mg/l phosphate to the drinking water to control the solubility of the lead.

The crazy part is that the sewage works are being compelled to spend fortunes to upgrade the processes to remove phosphate (which comes from detergents and other sources as well as the drinking water dose) to reach environmental standards and prevent eutrophication. A little joined up thinking and long term investment in the lead removal rather than a simple to install dosing rig might reduce some of the pressures at the sewage works.
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: Cudzoziemiec on 25 April, 2024, 12:21:35 pm
Yes, I meant within properties. 54 years since it was legal to fit it but a lot of it is still there.
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: matthew on 25 April, 2024, 12:24:58 pm
And the homeowner responsibility to replace but the water companies responsibility to mitigate until they do.

I will say programmes to install water meters have been a great way for the water companies to find which houses have lead service lines (connection from the main to the house) and gain valuable insight to where the risk exists, because like the household that was built 54+ years ago so was the pipe laid 54+ years ago and good luck finding any record of the pipe material used that long ago for anything smaller than about 12" in diameter, if it hasn't been dug up since.
Title: Re: Mixer Tap regulations
Post by: chrisbainbridge on 25 April, 2024, 07:23:17 pm
We had all our lead replaced. I knew from our builder that had found lead at the boundary in our 1927 building. The deal was that Severn Trent would excavate and replace if they found lead and it would all be free. No lead= me paying for the excavation.
As I already knew it was a no brainer.