The USB specification normally limits the current that a device may draw to 100mA. However, a device may request more power from the host, and if the request is granted, may draw up to 500mA.
Many PCs don't enforce the current limit too strictly, but a laptop on battery power may well be doing so, so my guess is that the charger is drawing between 100 and 500mA either without requesting the extra current, or after the request is denied. It may even be that the charger is simply drawing power from the port without even initialising as a USB device.
Either way, the device is not USB compliant, and the manufacturer shouldn't be using the USB trademark.