Yes. In Germany certain accents have negative connotations of dimness. So I am told.
While staying with a German family near Münster, I heard a loud British tourist exclaiming how many steps there were in the cathedral. I mentioned something to do with their being from London (the accent was pretty obvious), and my host thought I must therefore know them. I explained, and he said his parents had an awareness of accent differences, but he didn't particularly.
I had a chat with his dad, who did an impression of a Bavarian accent and rolled his eyes, and I got the impression it would be like me doing a sort of country-bumpkin voice.
So there did seem to be a known set of differences, but not in quite the same widespread cultural way as in the UK.
Tiny sample size, granted, so maybe entirely misleading. But he was a drama-student and pretty bright, so I took it as likely that he'd have a handle on the performance of social differences.